The performance of low alloy steels is enhanced by the fact that their chemical composition contains more than just carbon and iron. And even though, they do not contain more than 5% of various elements in their alloy, there is a marked increase in the characteristics of the alloy. Generally, the type of element added to the alloy will decide its features. For instance, molybdenum added in the alloy by any alloy steel fasteners manufacturers in india will result in it getting a higher mechanical strength.
On the other hand, if nickel is added to its alloy, the resultant alloy will have increased toughness. For an alloy to function at elevated temperature, usually manufacturers add chromium to it, because it improves the material strength of the alloy steel eye bolts at high temperatures. Moreover, chromium also improves the corrosion resistance as well as the hardness of the alloy. Similarly, other alloying elements include manganese and silicon. In an alloy, both manganese and silicon act as deoxidizers, which means the melt of the alloy steel stud bolts, will be uniform and the chances of porosity within the alloy will be kept to a minimum. Together, these alloys are less than 5% of the total weight of an alloy, which is why it is possible to achieve high weld integrity. Therefore some of these high tensile grade 12.9 alloy steel fasteners are used for structural applications in the assembly of automobiles, ships, earth moving equipment, etc. Compared to conventional, and inexpensive carbon steel grades, the low alloy steel fasteners work well as structural components because they have a better yield strength, tensile strength, and notch toughness. Also, they may have better resistance to corrosion, although galvanizing the alloy steel bolts reduces the occurrence of corrosion.
| Fasteners Material Specification | ASTM/ ASME 193 194 |
|---|---|
| Standard | DIN, ISO, GB, ASTM, UNI, IS, JIS, ANSI, BS, ASME |
| Fasteners/ Bolts Size | M 6, 10, 16, 5, 24, 14, 4, 20, 2, 8, 30, 160, 2.5, 3, 36, 12, |
| Length in Mm | 3 to 200 |
| Bolts, Studs Threads | Unc, Bsf, Metric, Bsw, Unf |
| Fasteners Standard | ANSI, DIN, UNI, ISO |
| Fasteners In Form of | Hex, TSquare, Round, hreading |
| Head drive | Six Lobe, Phillips, Slotted |
| bolting Test Certificate | MTC = EN 10204/3.1 |
| Production process | M2 To M24 |
| Surface Coating | Teflon Coated, Zinc Coated, Ptfe Coated, Xylon Coated, Phosphate Coated, Cadmium Coated, Hot Dipped Galvanizing Coated |
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| Nominal Sizes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Width Across Flats | Width Across Corners | Thickness | |||||||
| Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Basic | Maximum | Minimum | |||
| 1/4 | .2500 | 1/2 | .500 | .488 | .577 | .556 | 15/64 | .250 | .218 |
| 3/8 | .3750 | 11/16 | .688 | .669 | .794 | .763 | 23/64 | .377 | .341 |
| 5/16 | .3125 | 9/16 | .562 | .546 | .650 | .622 | 19/64 | .314 | .280 |
| 7/16 | .4375 | 3/4 | .750 | .728 | .866 | .830 | 27/64 | .441 | .403 |
| 9/16 | .5625 | 15/16 | .938 | .909 | 1.083 | 1.037 | 35/64 | .568 | .526 |
| 1/2 | .5000 | 7/8 | .875 | .850 | 1.010 | .969 | 31/64 | .504 | .464 |
| 5/8 | .6250 | 1-1/16 | 1.062 | 1.031 | 1.227 | 1.175 | 39/64 | .631 | .587 |
| 7/8 | .8750 | 1-7/16 | 1.438 | 1.394 | 1.660 | 1.589 | 55/64 | .885 | .833 |
| 3/4 | .7500 | 1-1/4 | 1.250 | 1.212 | 1.443 | 1.382 | 47/64 | .758 | .710 |
| 1 | 1.0000 | 1-5/8 | 1.325 | 1.575 | 1.876 | 1.796 | 63/64 | 1.012 | .956 |
| 1-1/4 | 1.2500 | 2 | 2.000 | 1.938 | 2.309 | 2.209 | 1-7/32 | 1.251 | 1.187 |
| 1-1/8 | 1.1250 | 1-13/16 | 1.812 | 1.756 | 2.093 | 2.002 | 1-7/64 | 1.139 | 1.079 |
| 1-3/8 | 1.3750 | 2-3/16 | 2.188 | 2.119 | 2.526 | 2.416 | 1-11/32 | 1.378 | 1.310 |
| 1-5/8 | 1.6250 | 2-9/16 | 2.562 | 2.481 | 2.959 | 2.828 | 1-19/32 | 1.632 | 1.556 |
| 1-1/2 | 1.5000 | 2-3/8 | 2.375 | 2.300 | 2.742 | 2.622 | 1-15/32 | 1.505 | 1.433 |
| 1-3/4 | 1.7500 | 2-3/4 | 2.750 | 2.662 | 3.175 | 3.035 | 1-23/32 | 1.759 | 1.679 |
| 2-1/4 | 2.2500 | 3-1/2 | 3.500 | 3.388 | 4.041 | 3.862 | 2-13/64 | 2.251 | 2.155 |
| 2 | 2.0000 | 3-1/8 | 3.125 | 3.025 | 3.608 | 3.449 | 1-31/32 | 2.013 | 1.925 |
| 2-1/2 | 2.5000 | 3-7/8 | 3.875 | 3.750 | 4.474 | 4.275 | 2-29/64 | 2.505 | 2.401 |
| 3 | 3.0000 | 4-5/8 | 4.625 | 4.475 | 5.340 | 5.102 | 2-61/64 | 3.013 | 2.893 |
| 2-3/4 | 2.7500 | 4-1/4 | 4.250 | 4.112 | 4.907 | 4.688 | 2-45/64 | 2.759 | 2.647 |
| 3-1/4 | 3.2500 | 5 | 5.000 | 4.838 | 5.774 | 5.515 | 3-3/16 | 3.252 | 3.124 |
| 3-3/4 | 3.7500 | 5-3/4 | 5.750 | 5.562 | 6.640 | 6.341 | 3-11/16 | 3.670 | 3.616 |
| 3-1/2 | 3.5000 | 5-3/8 | 5.375 | 5.200 | 6.207 | 5.928 | 3-7/16 | 3.506 | 3.370 |
| 4 | 4.0000 | 6-1/8 | 6.125 | 5.925 | 7.073 | 6.755 | 3-15/16 | 4.014 | 3.862 |
| Size in Inch | Finished Hex Nut | Heavy Hex Nut | Finished Jam Nut | Heavy Hex Jam Nut | Square Nut | Heavy Square |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/2 | 3.750 | 6.540 | 2.620 | 4.000 | 5.780 | 7.870 |
| 5/8 | 7.330 | 11.900 | 4.930 | 6.960 | 10.800 | 14.300 |
| 3/4 | 11.900 | 19.300 | 7.700 | 11.000 | 15.400 | 23.500 |
| 7/8 | 19.000 | 29.700 | 12.000 | 16.700 | 24.500 | 36.200 |
| 1 | 28.300 | 42.500 | 17.600 | 23.500 | 36.300 | 51.500 |
| 1-1/8 | 40.300 | 59.200 | 24.700 | 32.400 | 52.500 | 72.400 |
| 1-1/4 | 54.300 | 78.600 | 36.100 | 45.800 | 70.600 | 95.500 |
| 1-3/8 | 73.000 | 102.000 | 47.900 | 59.300 | 94.500 | 125.000 |
| 1-1/2 | 94.300 | 131.000 | 60.900 | 74.800 | 122.000 | 161.000 |
| 1-5/8 | 162.000 | 91.600 | ||||
| 1-3/4 | 151.000 | 204.000 | 100.000 | 114.000 | ||
| 1-7/8 | 241.000 | 134.000 | ||||
| 2 | 224.000 | 299.000 | 140.000 | 165.000 | ||
| 2-1/4 | 419.000 | 227.000 | ||||
| 2-1/2 | 564.000 | 332.000 | ||||
| 2-3/4 | 738.000 | 429.000 | ||||
| 3 | 950.000 | 545.000 | ||||
| 3-1/4 | 1194.000 | 651.000 | ||||
| 3-1/2 | 1526.000 | 851.000 | ||||
| 3-3/4 | 1812.000 | 1005.000 | ||||
| 4 | 2180.000 | 1200.000 |
| Element | B7 | B8 | B8M |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.37 to 0.49 | 0.08 maximum | 0.08 maximum |
| Phosphorus | 0.035 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
| Manganese | 0.65 to 1.10 | 2.00 maximum | 2.00 maximum |
| Silicon | 0.15 to 0.35 | 1.00 maximum | 1.00 maximum |
| Sulfur | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Nickel | 8.0 to 11.0 | 10.0 to 14.0 | |
| Chromium | 0.75 to 1.20 | 18.0 to 20.0 | 16.0 to 18.0 |
| Molybdenum | 0.15 to 0.25 | 2.00 to 3.00 |
| Size | Tensile | Yield Strength | Elongation | RA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 2-1/2 | 125 | 105 | 16 | 50 |
| 4-1/8 - 7 | 100 | 75 | 18 | 50 |
| 2-5/8 - 4 | 115 | 95 | 16 | 50 |
| All | 75 | 30 | 30 | 50 |
| Up to 3/4 | 125 | 100 | 12 | 35 |
| All | 75 | 30 | 30 | 50 |
| 7/8 - 1 | 115 | 80 | 15 | 35 |
| 1-3/8 - 1-1/2 | 100 | 50 | 28 | 45 |
| 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 | 105 | 65 | 20 | 35 |
| Up to 3/4 | 110 | 95 | 15 | 45 |
| 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 | 95 | 65 | 25 | 45 |
| 7/8 - 1 | 100 | 80 | 20 | 45 |
| 1-3/8 - 1-1/2 | 90 | 50 | 30 | 45 |
| AISI Grades | SAE Grades | British Standard | European Standard | Werkstoff No |
| 4130 | 4130 | - | 25CrMo4 | 1.7218 |
| 4340 | 4340 | EN 24 | 36CrNiMo4 | 1.6511 |
| 4140 | 4140 | EN 19 | 42CrMo4 | 1.7225 |
| 8620 | 8620 | - | 21NiCrMo2 | 1.6523 |
| 6150 | 6150 | - | 51CrV4 | 1.8159 |